Common Types of Diabetes
Now we will discuss diabetes in the light of its various types.
Type 1 Diabetes
It is an autoimmune disease. Such disease results when the body’s natural system to fight infections, the immune system, turns against some part of the body. In case of diabetes, the beta cells of pancreas are destroyed by the attack of body’s immune system. In the Type 1 diabetes pancreas produce little or no insulin and the patient has to take insulin on daily basis.
Type 1 diabetes is widely observed in children and adults however it can affect people of any age. In United States 5 to 10 per cent of the diagnosed diabetes is of type 1. Scientists are still unable to target the exact cause of diabetes however they conjecture that the immune system of body starts to attack its own self due to environmental, genetic and autoimmune and possibly due to some virus.
The destruction of beta cells begins and continues for years where the symptoms of type 1 diabetes appear for a short period. Symptoms of this type include extreme fatigue, thirst, urination, weight loss, constant hunger and blurred vision. In case the patient is not diagnosed and treated properly the life threatening diabetic coma stage can overcome him or her, also called as ketoacidosis.
Type 2 Diabetes
It is observed that 90 to 95 per cent of diabetes patients belong to type 2. It is estimated that 80 per cent patients of Type 2 Diabetes are overweight. This type of diabetes is associated with physical inactivity, history of gestational diabetes, certain ethnicities, family history of diabetes, obesity and older age. Type 2 diabetes is mostly discovered in adolescent and children, especially in Mexican Americans, African American and Pacific Islander youth.
The patients of Type 2 have insulin in their bodies but due to unknown reason it cannot be used, a situation known as insulin resistance. With the passage of time, the production of insulin decreases. It results into Type 1 diabetes and glucose builds up in blood stream and is unable to make use of energy source.
Its symptoms appear by the passage of time. The symptoms’ development is not so sudden as in case of Type 1 diabetes. However symptoms are increased thirst and hunger, weight loss, slow healing of wounds and sores, blurred vision, frequent urination and fatigue. In some patients there could be no symptoms.
Gestational Diabetes
Such type of diabetes usually appears during pregnancy and disappears afterwards. Gestational diabetes vanishes after the birth of child, where there are 40 to 60 per cent chances that the mother will develop Type 2 diabetes within 5 to 10 years. To prevent the diabetese one must refrain from increasing weight and also lethargy.
Such diabetes is diagnosed in about 3 to 8 per cent of pregnant ladies in United States. Just like Type 2 diabetes, it often occurs in people who have a family history of diabetes and in certain ethnic groups. It is caused by a shortage of insulin or by the hormones of pregnancy. Such women mostly have no symptoms of diabetes.
It is possible that a patient can express symptoms of more than one types of diabetes. There are not only three but a large number of diabetes. The double diabetes, (1.5 diabetes) or latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) patients exhibit characteristics of both Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes. For your enlightenment we have put forth all causes and types of diabetes.
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA)
Symptoms of both types of diabetes occur in the patient, and usually diagnosed after the age of 30. According to a number of researchers, about 10 per cent of people that are diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes have LADA. Some researchers claim that Type 1 diabetes gradually develops into LADA as the patient has antibodies against the insulin.
In the early stages of LADA, people do not need insulin as the hormone is produced within the body. It is easy for them to control diabetes with oral meditation, activity and planned diet. After some years, the patients of LADA are required to take glucose so the glucose level in their body can be maintained. With the development of LADA, the immune system is attacked and after some time when it is completely destroyed will stop making insulin.
Diabetes by Genetic Defects of the Beta Cell
A number of diabetes is caused by genetic defects in the beta cells. Mutations (changes) in single gene cause monogenic type of diabetes. In mostly cases it is discovered that the gene mutation is genetic (inherited). In other cases, the diabetes can develop spontaneously. Mostly mutations decrease the body’s natural ability to produce insulin. Genetic testing can diagnose many forms.
Diabetes by Genetic Defects in Insulin Action
The genetic disorders in insulin action results some types of diabetes. Mild hyperglycemia, high blood glucose, or severe diabetes can emerge as a result of changes to the insulin receptor. Dark skin patches, cystic and enlarge ovaries and virilization in women and syndrome in children are the symptoms of such diabetes.
Diabetes by Diseases of the Pancreas
Such diabetes can cause from the disease of pancreas of injuries to pancreas due to trauma. Cancer of pancreas, infection and pancreatitis are included in this category. Moreover, hemochromatosis and cystic fibrosis are also responsible for damaging the pancreas.
Diabetes by Endocrinopathies
There are certain hormones that work against insulin. The excessive amount of such hormones causes diabetes. Such hormones and conditions related to them are growth hormone in acromegaly, cortisol in Cushing’s syndrome, epinephrine in pheochromocytoma, and glucagon in glucagonoma.
Diabetes by Medications or Chemicals
The insulin secretion can be interfered by a number of chemicals and medications which finally ends in diabetes, including phenytoin (Dilantin), pentamidine, glucocorticoids, nicotinic acid, thyroid hormone, and Vacor, a rat poison.
Diabetes by Infections
Congenital rubella, cytomegalovirus, coxsackievirus B, adenovirus, and mumps are the infectiosn that can lead to diabetes.
Rare Immune-mediated Types of Diabetes
Immune mediated disorders are related to the development of diabetes. Stiff mediated syndrome in about one third people develops diabetes. Systematic lupus erythematosus patients may have anti insulin receptor antibodies that interrupt the process of insulin’s unification with the tissues of body and thus causes diabetes.
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